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Draka Fiber Optik Kablolar
UC FIBRE Optical Fibre Cable – a fast, reliable and always available part of the Draka Datacom Solution Be ready for the future: Draka Datacom Solution Modern networks face stiff demands. They must be fast and reliable, resist fire and not interfere with other equipment.
3 LAN When it comes to data transmission cables, more and more users decide for fibre tech- nology. It is the undisputed number one in today’s Local Area Networks (LAN) – structured cabling in campus and riser net- works. There is a trend to Fibre-to-the-desk, e.g. optical fibre cables in horizontal networks. The decision to use either fibre optic or copper data cables as an ideal solution for horizontal networks depends on many factors like application environment, previous net- work basis and future needs. Whatever you decide for, with fibre optic data cables of the UC FIBRE series — specifically designed to meet the requirements of all structural levels of local networks — you are on the safe side for the future. Transmission rates are developing exponen- tially. New transmission protocols follow in ever shorter periods of time. The present standard is 10 Gigabit Ethernet with ten billion bits per second (10Gbit/s). With its outstan- ding transmission performance, fibre optic cables of Draka Communications provide the ideal basis for the application of future transmission protocols. Application of UC FIBRE office 1 office 2 horizontal distributor horizontal cable (FTTD) building backbone cable building service riser for cables building distributor WAN access point campus distributor campus backbone cable
Data Centre Every data centre is a unique structure. There are various segments of different requirements which need to be understood before creating any solution. Data centre backbones are already equipped with optical fibre technology. It is state-of-the-art and offers lowest attenuation at highest data rates which is a prerequisite for backbone data links. With data centres it forms one of the most demanded components due to the highly aggregated data traffic there. As soon as 10 Gigabit Ethernet comes to the agenda at Client level, a data centre backbone capable of 10GbE to link between Access and Distribution level turns into a real bottleneck. Despite the fact that copper data cables are capable of covering a distance of up to 100m at 10Gbit/s, the preference in this place should be laser optimized multimode fibre according to OM3 specification. Today’s recommendation is clearly to take this future proof solution which is the only short-link technology that is also part of the 40 Gigabit Ethernet and likewise 100GbE development program, which will be based on multi lane structures of OM3 channel links. A data centre backbone in OM3 can therefore be easily expanded to the Next Generation Ethernet and secures investments for a longer pack-off time. Draka’s patented PCVD fibre manufacturing technology enables high-precision refractive index profiles which are the key to laser launched high-speed links. This makes the difference between MaxCap300 exceeding by far OM3 specifications and traditional multimode fibres like OM1 and OM2. This fibre technology is available in Draka cable designs to meet the specific needs of data centre infrastructures, let it be a single core cable or the popular shotgun cable design with figure-8 shape, the break-out cable for multiple fan outs or loose tube cable design with high fibre counts for trunk lines. More and more in use is the MPO-style optical fibre connector, which requires small cables to fit the planar structure of its fibre management as well as its outer dimensions. Draka’s specifically designed MPO cable is made for interconnects of 40GBase-SR4 channels which is one of the next options into a data centre’s infrastructure of the future. 4
Industry Ethernet – the classic office application – is increasingly accepted also in industrial automation. In addition to bus solutions still to be encountered, Ethernet makes it possible to manage communication. It is possible to selectively access every single point in the network which makes adjustments and modifications much easier and in the end leads to a reduction of idle times and an increase in productivity. Fibre optic cables of series UC FIBRE are the first choice for Ethernet in a rough industrial environment. Here the cables prove their superiority as to mechanical, chemical and climatic capacity – and, of course, you don’t have to care about electromagnetic inter- ferences. International Standards ISO/IEC 11801 (2002) Generic cabling for customer premises ISO/IEC 24702 (2005) Generic cabling systems – Industrial premises ISO/IEC 15018 (2005) Generic cabling systems – Residential premises European Standards EN 50173-1 Generic cabling systems - General requirements EN 50173-2 Generic cabling systems - Office premises EN 50173-3 Generic cabling systems - Industrial premises EN 50173-4 Generic cabling systems - Residential premises EN 50173-5 Generic cabling systems - Data centres M I C E 2 2 1 2 M I C E 1 1 1 1 Mechanical Chemical Climatic Electromagnetic M I C E 3 3 1 3 Class 40Gb/s (40GBASE-SR4) 10Gb/s (10GBASE-SR) 1Gb/s (1000BASE-SX) Ethernet Applications at 850 nm OM4 MaxCap 550 50 µm 10G / 550m 300 m 550 m 1100 m OM3 MaxCap 300 50 µm 10G / 300m 100 m 300 m 900 m OM2 50 µm 500 / 500 MHz.km - 86 m 550 m OM1 62.5 µm 200 / 500 MHz.km - 33 m 275 m Table 1: Ethernet applications and permissible channel lengths with MaxCap multimode fibre ) = draft IEC standard ) = future IEEE work item Mice Matrix MICE is the heading under which the demands for wiring are covered in standardization. Herewith a set of requirements is defined which consists of mechanical (M), chemical ingress (I), climatic (C) and electromagnetic (E) components. These requirements address different environments which are distinguished in three classes: Office, Light Industry, Heavy Industry 5
Optical fibre principle Utmost accuracy during the manufacturing process — this is the “secret” of a high-capacity optical fibre. Only top quality permits an optimum data transmission — especially in the new high-speed networks. The necessary processes such as the plasma-activated deposition (PCVD) require state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques as well as a special know-how of our employees. Sophisticated PCVD process It is the highly accurate process of the so- called plasma-activated deposition (PCVD) that makes our fibre optic cable exceptionally proven for future requirements. Transmission protocols like 10 Gigabit Ethernet require fibre qualities that also work under laser launch. For this purpose, the dispersion needs to be minimized over the whole diameter of the fibre. This is expressed by the term Differential Mode Delay (DMD) and is best achieved by the PCVD process which is, of course, applied to all fibres of series UC FIBRE . Primary coating The fibre coating consists of a double layer of UV cured acrylate of type DLPC9. Beside the perfect performance of fibres with this coating in unit cores, also an easy application in cable cores with central tubes has been considered. Thus the micro- bending properties have been improved in an elegant way. This fibre coating can easily be removed over a wide range of ambient temperatures. No coating residues will be left on the fibre after removal. All fibres coated with DLPC9 show extremely good parameters regarding mechanical strains. This allows the safe application of these optical fibres also in a rough environment. 6 The PCVD process requires clean-room conditions: Thousands of thin glass layers are applied to the inner surface of a silica glass tube. The individual layers slightly differ from each other due to the varying percentage of germanium dioxide in the surrounding silica glass, thus creating the desired refraction index.
Fibre designs Users of fibre technology have the choice between multimode (MM) fibres with a big optical core and singlemode (SM) fibres with a very small core where only one single “light beam“ can propagate. 7 Graded index fibre(GI) Single-mode fibre(E) Grade-index profile A multimode fibre must have a refraction index with a gradient profile. Only by this way the different light beams will arrive at the receiver in sequence. Otherwise, the modal dispersion would impede the safe separation of quickly succeeding pulses. The longer the fibre length, the stronger this effect is. Therefore, every fibre is characterized by a specific length limit. High-quality optical fibres have a high length limit. Step-index profile Compared to other light waves, there are no delay skews with singlemode fibres. Decisive for transmission bandwidth are rather material-related dispersion mechanisms. A typical value for the band width is 10GHz/km. Singlemode fibres enable wavelength ranges with the lowest attenuation at 1550 nm and beyond this up to 1625 nm. Application strengths Compared to multimode fibres, single- mode fibres have excellent transmission properties. However, its use requires more demanding transmission elements as well as narrow tolerance connecting compo- nents. Due to their strengths, multimode fibres are therefore mainly applied in local networks where short lengths dominate. However, in broadband access networks, for long distances and especially in telecom transmission networks, only singlemode fibres are applied.
HighCap Access — MAXCAP 550 TM Even with long distances, UC FIBRE cables have a low attenuation and a high band- width. They ensure an excellent transmission potential for dynamic data net- works. Also the other advantages are convincing: maximum link distances for a cost-effective design of the central network management, no electromagnetic interference, no crosstalk, safe potential separation and increased tap proof. Fibre bandwidth Fibre optic cables of Draka Comteq set standards with regard to bandwidth. The decisive performance criterion of a multi- mode fibre is the modal bandwidth. The more the bandwidth decreases the more the fibre length increases. This is mainly due to the different dispersion ways of the light which lead to mode dispersion. This mode dispersion again results in a pulse expansion and limits the pulse rate. If the pulses are no longer separable, no signal identification is possible. Therefore Draka only applies fibres characterized by a mini- mum pulse expansion. Fibre attenuation The lower the attenuation the more informa- tion arrives at the receiver. The attenuation curve of a fibre optic cable looks like a roller coaster. This strange curve is due to reso- nance, dispersion and absorption in the glass. Areas showing a particularly low attenuation are called „optical windows“. Therefore, fibre optic data cables are optimized for these wavelength ranges. Maximum link distances due to laser-optimized fibres For the application in new high-speed net- work protocols with 1 Gbit Ethernet, our fibre optic cables have been laser-optimized — as documented by the HiCap TM certificate. At a wavelength of 1310 nm, they enable a distance of 2000 m which is twice as much as proposed by the IEEE. The cost-effective 10 Gbit Ethernet at 850nm is ideally supported by MaxCap 300 TM , the high-quality OM3 multimode fibre of the well proven PCVD process. The OM3+ Highend fibre MaxCap 550 TM offers optimal prospects for the future. Without re-installations, idle times and additional investments, it makes distances possible which allow the change to the next faster transmission protocol by using the existing network structure on the same infrastructure. It does not matter whether it concerns the frequently used applications with light emit- ting diodes (LED) or new processes on the basis of VCSE lasers or the high-quality Fabry-Perot lasers for backbone applications with highest data rates of up to 10 Gigabits/s. 8
100 Gbit/s / / 10 Gbit/s / / 1 Gbit/s / / 100 Mbit/s / / 10 Mbit/s / / 1 Mbit/s / / 100 Kbit/s / / 10 Kbit/s / / 1 Kbit/s / / T r a n s m is s io n r a t e 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 V.24(RS232) IBM 3270 Ethernet Token Ring 100BaseTX 1000BaseT ATM UNI 10GBase-T V.11(RS422) FDDI FC ATM Still permanent growth 9 Class Type OM1 Standard 62,5 um 200/600 MHz.km OM2 Premium 50 um 600/1200 MHz.km OM1+ HiCap 62,5 um 1G/1000 m OM2+ HiCap 50 um 1G/2000 m OM3 MaxCap 300 50 um 10G/300 m OM3+ MaxCap 550 50 um 10G/550 m 300 m 300 m 300 m 300 m 300 m 300 m 100Base SX 275 m 550 m 500 m 750 m 900 m 1100 m 1000Base SX 35 m 86 m 65 m 110 m 300 m 550 m 10GBase SR 2000 m 2000 m 2000 m 2000 m 2000 m 2000 m 100Base SX 550 m 550 m 1000 m 2000 m 550 m 550 m 1000Base LX 300 m 300 m 450 m 900 m 300 m 300 m 10GBase LX4 Ethernet applications at 850 nm Ethernet applications at 1300 nm Draka’s MaxCap 550 TM blue print for new OM4 standard: OM4 multimode fibre is ideal for 10G link applications requiring a higher power bud- get, for example when more connectors are required, which is the case in Data Centres. They are also perfect for 10G applications requiring a longer distance than 300 meters (up to 550 meters). Finally, OM4 fibres are future proof, especially for 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ethernet solutions. These new system applications are currently under development by IEEE802.3ba, where an extended distance version is considered up to 250 meters using OM4 multimode fibre above the currently agreed 100 meters. In addition, Fibre Channel is considering using OM4 multimode fibre for its future high speed solutions. The evolution of fibre optic technology through new manufacturing techniques and processes is revolutionizing data networks as they steadily progress towards 10Gb/s applications and upwards to 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet solutions. Draka is already able to conform to OM4 specifications with its MaxCap 550 TM multi- mode fibre, putting it in the forefront in replying to industry requirements for cable that can extend link distances in next generation data communications networks. .
Singlemode fibres Today, the singlemode fibre according to the ITU-T G.652 standard is considered to be ‘a classic’. It meets international standards and is to be found in countless communication networks. Its transmission performance is excellent. Singlemode fibres of series UC FIBRE are based on the matched-cladding principle. Thus an optimum splicing performance is achieved that is compatible with all fibres known on the market. Low Water Peak: Singlemode fibres according to ITU-T:G.652.D This singlemode fibre is attenuation-optimi- zed over the whole range from 1260 nm to 1625 nm. Same as with fibre types according to ITU-T G.652 B, the attenuation values at 1310 nm and 1550 nm are kept at a very low level here. Also for the wavelength 1385, the classic water peak region, optimum atte- nuation values are achieved. Thus, this new fibre type offers high flexibi- lity for the application in modern optical transmission technologies (single channel, wide and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) as well as for combinations of new and tra- ditional transmission systems. This optical fibre type complies with and even exceeds the IEC 60793-2-50 Type B 1.3 Optical Fibre. Dispersion-optimized singlemode fibre according to ITU-T G.655.E/G.656 This NZD singlemode fibre has been spe- cifically developed for the application of the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex (DWDM) from 1530 nm to 1625 nm (C and L band). Hence, the ideal optical parameters – such as a defined dispersion optimum and low attenuation – are exactly adjusted to these wavelengths between 1530 nm and 1625 nm. Draka fibres of this type exceed the interna- tional standard IEC 60793-2-50 Type B.4/B.5. With these fibre properties, costs for ampli- fiers and particularly for Dispersion Compensating Modules (DCM) can be saved especially in metro and city networks, but also in many trunk networks. High system reserves can be reached with these NZD fibres as to bit rates, e.g. 10 to 40 GBit/s per channel, and distances, e.g. 40 to 80 km. 10
dB/km 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 nm amplification band G.652.A/B G.652.C/D RAMAN FA / SOA EDFA E S L O C 1260 / 1310 nm CWDM 1625 nm 11 Optical ring O-ADM 3R Optical DWDM XC mesh OXC Hybrid ring/mesh Backbone/regional transport carriers kb / Private PSTN/cellular Corporate/enterprise MAN/METRO Regional ISP Long-distance Networks Regional Networks Access Networks BendBright xs The key feature in the fibre design that allows for such significant improvement in macro bending performance is the insertion of a field confining “trench” in the fibre cladding. This trench reduces the optical power in the region just outside the guiding core, which is very beneficial in keeping the signal inside the fibre when the fibre is bent. Using a trench to achieve this level of performance is only possible using Draka’s versatile Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (PCVD) process. As the figure below depicts, BendBright xs exceeds the bend loss requirements of ITU- T G.657.B, the most stringent bending stan- dard in the industry. This is an order of magnitude improvement over Draka’s 1st generation bend-insensitive fiber, BendBright xs , as well as conventional ESMF. BendBright xs is fully compliant with both the A and B classes of the ITU-T G.657 bend insensitive fibre standard, established in 2006. The fibre is also fully compliant with ITU-T G.652.D low water peak singlemode fibre specification. Why BendBright xs ? • 100x bending improvement over SMF • Exceeds toughest bending standards; ITU-T G.657.B • Fully backwards compatible with SMF; G.652.D compliant • Over 250 million meters sold since 2006 • Deployed in over 30 countries worldwide • Greater than 10 million splices and connectors • Used everywhere in the network! .